Methodology

Indicator Universe

17 displayed series: 10 scored indicators across 4 tiers plus 7 context/reference series. Each scored indicator's direction is normalized so a positive z-score always means "tighter" liquidity.

Context (not scored)

• Net Liquidity = Fed BS - TGA - ON RRP
• M2 Money Supply
• Fed Central Bank Liquidity Swaps
• 90D Financial CP - 3M T-Bill Spread
• Foreign Holdings of US Federal Debt
• ECB Total Assets
• Bank of Japan Total Assets

Scoring

1. Robust z-score

For each indicator, we compute a robust z-score using the median and median absolute deviation (MAD) over a rolling 10-year window:

z = (value - median) / (MAD x 1.4826)

The 1.4826 constant makes MAD comparable to standard deviation for normally distributed data. Z-scores are winsorized to [-4, +4] to prevent extreme observations from dominating the composite. We use median/MAD rather than mean/std for resilience to structural breaks (regime changes, COVID, etc.).

2. Direction normalization

Some indicators rise when liquidity tightens (TGA, ON RRP, VIX, HY Spread, etc.); others fall (Fed BS, Bank Cash Buffer). For "falling-is-tightening" indicators we negate the raw z-score so a positive z always means "tighter" across every indicator.

3. Composite

composite = sum (z_i x weight_i)

  Tier A (Policy/Reserves):       3 x (13/60) ~= 0.65
  Tier B (Funding/Plumbing):      2 x 0.05 = 0.10
  Tier C (Credit/Intermediation): 2 x 0.025 = 0.05
  Tier D (Risk/Price):            3 x (1/15) ~= 0.20
                                              ----
                                              1.00

When indicators are missing on a given day, the remaining weights are renormalized so a partial-data day still produces a comparable composite.

4. Regime classification

We rank today's composite within the rolling 5-year history of composites and assign a regime:

• Loose - <= P20
• Mildly Loose - P20-P50
• Mildly Tight - P50-P80
• Tight - >= P80

5. Momentum & concentration

• Momentum: composite_today - composite_7d_ago. >+0.15 = deteriorating, <-0.15 = improving, else stable.
• Concentration: top-3 |contributions| / total |contributions|. High concentration = signal driven by a few drivers.

DLI Methodology v2 (2026-07-11)

The DLI headline is computed under Methodology v2, adopted 2026-07-11 after a pre-registered anchor-based selection process. Two defects of the previous methodology were corrected: (1) a depleted, flatlined indicator (e.g. ON RRP near zero) could pin at the bottom of its percentile range and permanently dilute its tier toward "loose"; (2) the Fed balance sheet was scored by its level percentile alone, which misread the 2022 QT onset as loose.

v2 introduces a uniform information gate — an indicator whose percentile is pinned at a distribution boundary while its raw values flatline carries no marginal information and is ramped out of the active set (and ramped back in when it becomes informative) — and scores the Fed balance sheet as the mean of its level percentile and its 13-week-flow percentile, capturing both stock scarcity and the pace of change. All other pipeline stages are unchanged.

The full v2 history was recomputed under one contract and is stamped methodology_version = 2. Because v2 removes the dilution and level-percentile defects, its readings sit structurally higher than v1 in depleted-buffer regimes — the step from v1 to v2 at cutover is a documented methodology correction, not a market move. The v1 track remains queryable via ?track=v1 during a 90-day retention window.

Asset Impact Lens

For SPX, QQQ, BTC, and GOLD we precompute three relationship windows on every cron cycle (SPX/QQQ/BTC from FRED; XAU/USD from Twelve Data after FRED retired the LBMA daily series):

• Rolling correlations (30D / 90D / 180D) between the daily DLI composite and daily log returns.
• Lead-lag correlations (DLI leads asset returns by 10D / 20D / 60D).
• Conditional state outcomes: average forward 20-day cumulative log return + win-rate when DLI was in the loose (<= P20) or tight (>= P80) state.

Data Sources

• FRED - Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, public economic time series
• US Treasury Fiscal Data - Daily Treasury Statement (TGA balance)
• NY Fed Markets - Standing Repo Facility usage